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Cadbury is a British multinational confectionery company owned by Mondelēz International. It is the second largest confectionery brand in the world after Wrigley's.〔Packaged Food: Euromonitor from trade sources/national statistics (2012)〕 Cadbury is headquartered in Uxbridge, London, and operates in more than fifty countries worldwide. Its best known products include Dairy Milk, 5 Star, and the Gems selection box. In 1824, John Cadbury began to sell tea, coffee and drinking chocolate from his premises in Birmingham. Cadbury developed the business with his brother Benjamin, and later his sons Richard and George. George developed the Bournville estate, a model village designed to improve the living conditions of company employees. Dairy Milk chocolate, introduced in 1905, used a higher proportion of milk within the recipe compared with rival products. By 1914, the chocolate was the company's best-selling product. Cadbury merged with J. S. Fry & Sons in 1919, and Schweppes in 1969. Cadbury was a constant constituent of the FTSE 100 from the index's 1984 inception until the company was bought by Kraft Foods in 2010. == 1824–1900: Early history == In 1824, John Cadbury began selling tea, coffee, and drinking chocolate in Bull Street in Birmingham, England.〔The Creation of a Company Culture: Cadburys, 1861-1931 Charles Dellheim The American Historical Review , Vol. 92, No. 1 (Feb., 1987) , pp. 13-44 Published by: Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1862781〕 From 1831 he moved into the production of a variety of cocoa and drinking chocolates, made in a factory in Bridge Street and sold mainly to the wealthy because of the high cost of production.〔Geoffrey Jones (1984) Multinational Chocolate: Cadbury Overseas, 1918–39, Business History, 26:1, 59-76〕 In 1847 John Cadbury became a partner with his brother Benjamin and the company became known as "Cadbury Brothers".〔 The brothers opened an office, in London and in 1854 they received the Royal Warrant as manufacturers of chocolate and cocoa to Queen Victoria. The company went into decline in the late 1850s.〔 John Cadbury's sons Richard and George took over the business in 1861.〔 At the time of the takeover, the business was in rapid decline: the number of employees had reduced from 20 to 11, and the company was losing money.〔 By 1864 Cadbury was profitable again.〔 The brothers had turned around the business by moving the focus from tea and coffee to chocolate, and by increasing the quality of their products.〔 The firm's first major breakthrough occurred in 1866 when Richard and George introduced an improved cocoa into Britain.〔 A new cocoa press developed in the Netherlands removed some of the unpalatable cocoa butter from the cocoa bean.〔 The firm began exporting its products in the 1870s.〔 In the 1880s the firm began to produce chocolate confectioneries.〔 In 1878 the brothers decided to build new premises in countryside four miles from Birmingham.〔 The move to the countryside was unprecedented in business.〔 Better transport access for milk that was inward shipped by canal, and cocoa that was brought in by rail from London, Southampton and Liverpool docks was taken into consideration. With the development of the Birmingham West Suburban Railway along the path of the Worcester and Birmingham Canal, they acquired the Bournbrook estate, comprising of countryside south of the outskirts of Birmingham. Located next Stirchley Street railway station, which itself was opposite the canal, they renamed the estate Bournville and opened the Bournville factory the following year. In 1893, George Cadbury bought of land close to the works and planned, at his own expense, a model village which would 'alleviate the evils of modern more cramped living conditions'. By 1900 the estate included 314 cottages and houses set on of land. As the Cadbury family were Quakers there were no pubs in the estate.〔 In 1897, following the lead of Swiss companies, Cadbury introduced its own line of milk chocolate bars.〔Robert Fitzgerald (2005) Products, Firms and Consumption: Cadbury and the Development of Marketing, 1900–1939, Business History, 47:4, 511-531, DOI: 10.1080/00076790500132977〕 In 1899 Cadbury became a private limited company.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Cadbury」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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